很多同學都會在準備時,碰觸到一個觀念:「就近指代」
——代名詞優先指代最接近的對象。
然而,很不幸的,這個原則是錯的。
我們現在先來看下面這個正確句子:
The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce that occurred when they were children.
在這個句子裡,they代替的對象是誰?
我們現在先來看下面這個正確句子:
The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce that occurred when they were children.
在這個句子裡,they代替的對象是誰?
如果按「就近指代」原則來看,指代到的應該是最接近的複數名詞effects,
然而,再代回來看,effects were children合理嗎?顯然是不合理。
所以很多人看到這一點就覺得「指代錯誤,不符就近指代原則」而刪去了。
但很可惜,這是一個正確句子。
其實,正確的尋找指代原則是優先尋找文法上與代名詞位置相同的詞。
其實,正確的尋找指代原則是優先尋找文法上與代名詞位置相同的詞。
比如這句的they位於主詞,我們就要優先去尋找本句其他位於主詞的名詞:
Wallerstein study
effects of a divorce
young men and women
再來,留下「數量一致」的:
effects of a divorce
young men and women
最後,一一代回代名詞所在的成分,判斷句意邏輯是否合理:
effects of a divorce were children(不合理)
Young men and women were children(合理)
此句的they便是有所指代,指代對象為young men and women。
Wallerstein study
effects of a divorce
young men and women
再來,留下「數量一致」的:
effects of a divorce
young men and women
最後,一一代回代名詞所在的成分,判斷句意邏輯是否合理:
effects of a divorce were children(不合理)
Young men and women were children(合理)
此句的they便是有所指代,指代對象為young men and women。