怎麼樣判斷有「跳躍概念」出現呢?首先,你必須抓到結論句(相信結論句怎麼抓應該是眾版友必備能力)結論句出現premise中沒有提到的新概念,即為有可能出現跳躍概念的地方。
for example:他家很有錢,所以他一定不會貪汙。
Premise:D的家裡很有錢
Conclusion:D一定不會貪汙
「貪汙」是Premise中沒有提到過,而結論才出現的概念,所以結論要成立必須要把「貪汙」跟「家裡有錢」連結在一起故assumption:很有錢的人一定不會貪汙
再舉一例:
for example:
Premise:P是醫生
Conclusion:P不適合當市長
再舉一例:
for example:
Premise:P是醫生
Conclusion:P不適合當市長
「市長」是premise沒提到,在結論才出現的概念,那就要去把「市長」跟premise已有的概念「醫生」結合在一起。
故assumption:作醫生的人不適合當市長。
補充以OG2016新題舉例:
故assumption:作醫生的人不適合當市長。
補充以OG2016新題舉例:
41. Although there is no record of poet Edmund Spenser’s parentage, we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser: Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.” Of these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most likely Edmund’s father, since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar who attended the school at a reduced fee.
題目大意:誰是Edmund Spenser的老爸?
premise 1. 我們能確定的是他老爸在1560-1570年間有入裁縫師學校去調資料,發現當時學校記錄裡有三個Spenser:
1. Robert Spenser 上流紳士
2. Nicholas Spenser 學院主任
3. John Spenser 做衣服的的零工
(we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser: Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.”)
premise 2. Edmund上學的時候是繳減免過的學費。
(since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar who attended the school at a reduced fee.)
結論:最不有錢的那個John Spenser一定是他老爸
( Of these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most likely Edmund’s father,)
有沒有發現?
結論:最不有錢的那個John Spenser一定是他老爸
( Of these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most likely Edmund’s father,)
有沒有發現?
結論突然跳出一個「有沒有錢」(affluent)的新概念,在前面的premise 1 沒有提到(只有講職業),premise 2也沒有提到(只有講reduced fee)判斷出結論出現前面premise沒有提到的新概念之後,答案就是往斷橋的方向走,試圖建立 「有沒有錢」與「減免學費」之間的關係:
(E) The Merchant Tailors’ School did not reduce its fees for the children
of the more affluent Guild members.
(E) The Merchant Tailors’ School did not reduce its fees for the children
of the more affluent Guild members.
有錢的人不會被減免學費。
此即為正確答案
此即為正確答案