2017年5月14日 星期日

CR:解釋題常用正確答案思路

原文發表於Dustin部落格:http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw/2017/04/cr_28.html

本篇文章將講述Dustin在做解釋題時,是如何預測正確答案方向的。
儘管不能100%適合所有解釋題,但已經能涵蓋70%解釋題的套路。
Dustin認為,這樣就很足夠大家在讀完文章後掌握正確答案的可能方向,在瀏覽五個選項時也能夠幫助思考,快速辨認出最有可能的正確選項。

簡單來說,就是在讀文章時抓住解釋題的兩個矛盾事實,立刻辨認是否屬於下列三種類型「好用/不用」「下降/上升」「不變/改變」。辨認出之後,就能按照如下的預測方向檢視五個選項。當今天發現某選項能夠推到剛剛預測的方向,就非常有可能是正確答案。

好用/不用
好用卻不用:有額外缺點/喪失原先優點。
不好用卻用了:有額外優點/少了原先缺點。

Suncorp, a new corporation with limited funds, has been clearing large sections of the tropical Amazon forest for cattle ranching. This practice continues even though greater profits can be made from rubber tapping, which does not destroy the forest, than from cattle ranching, which does destroy the forest.

明明rubber tapping賺錢又不破壞環境,但卻還是cattle ranching:好用卻不用

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why Suncorp has been pursuing the less profitable of the two economic activities mentioned above?

(E) The amount of money required to begin a rubber-tapping operation is twice as high as the amount needed to begin a cattle ranch.

rubber tapping花錢:額外缺點。


下降/上升

下降卻上升:額外上升/其他下降減緩
上升卻下降:額外下降/其他上升減緩

In order to withstand tidal currents, juvenile horseshoe crabs frequently burrow in the sand. Such burrowing discourages barnacles from clinging to their shells. When fully grown, however, the crabs can readily withstand tidal currents without burrowing, and thus they acquire substantial populations of barnacles. Surprisingly, in areas where tidal currents are very weak, juvenile horseshoe crabs are found not to have significant barnacle populations, even though they seldom burrow.

螃蟹身上海草該多但卻變少:上升卻下降

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the surprising finding?

(E) Until they are fully grown, horseshoe crabs shed their shells and grow new ones several times a year.

螃蟹會定期脫皮:額外下降。


不變/改變

改變卻不變:反向變化
不變卻改變:同向變化

Plan: Concerned about the welfare of its senior citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians age sixty-five and older.

Result: Many Runagian senior citizens are no better off financially now than they were before the increase.

Further information: The annual rate of inflation since the pension increase has been below 5 percent, and the increased pension has been duly received by all eligible Runagians. 

給老人的錢多了,生活水準卻不變:改變卻不變

In light of the further information, which of the following, if true, does most to explain the result that followed implementation of the plan?

(C) The prices of goods and services that meet the special needs of many senior citizens have increased at a rate much higher than the rate of inflation. 

 老人用的東西價格漲幅高:反向變化。

Hollywood restaurant is replacing some of its standard tables with tall tables and stools. The restaurant already fills every available seat during its operating hours, and the change in seating arrangements will not result in an increase in the restaurant's seating capacity. Nonetheless, the restaurant's management expects revenue to increase as a result of the seating change without any concurrent change in menu, prices, or operating hours. 

餐廳容納人數不變但營收卻上升:不變卻改變 

Which of the following, if true, provides the best reason for the expectation?
(B) Diners seated on stools typically do not linger over dinner as long as diners seated at standard tables. 

 翻桌率上升:同向變化。