2017年4月14日 星期五

Dustin解題: [SC] OG17-720.

原文發表於PTT GMAT版

※ 引述《newone16 (newone)》之銘言:
題目:
According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications, increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were advertised most heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came from sales of the 9,850 prescription medicines that companies did not advertise or advertised very little.


(A) heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came

(B) heavily were what accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year; the remainder of the increase coming


(C) heavily accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of the increase coming

(D) heavily, accounting for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, while the remainder of the increase came

(E) heavily, which accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, with the remainder of it coming


想請問
1. 關於正確答案(C)選項後面子句的文法問題。the remainder of the increase coming from...
我的想法是,逗號後面沒有and,所以後面本來就不是一個完整子句,用coming只是將整句話作為前句的修飾。但怎麼念這句都像fragment sentence 請問有相似的句子出現在其他題目(用一整句話作為片語修飾前句),或是有這種句型作為正確答案時需要固定留意的地方嗎
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關於這一題,我在去年4月時有用語音錄過一段完整的實戰思路解析:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/NsHBeldkeWZOJ832fH27gw

聽完思路解析後,在這邊補充一個簡單易懂的觀念:

N+Ving/Vpp這種「獨立結構」(absolute phrase),其實跟你平常所看到的「句首/句尾分詞結構」:「Ving/Vpp...., 主要子句 , Ving....」是同一類。

平常看到的句首/句尾分詞結構,其實原本是獨立結構N+Ving/Vpp在相同主詞省略後的長相。
如果主詞不同不能省略,則要保留,就會成為N+Ving/Vpp這樣的長相。
(關於這樣的演化,我在:http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw/2016/08/scwith.html有詳細說明。)

所以需要留意的地方只有一個:觀察該結構的意思跟主要句子的語意關係。
請記住:這種分詞結構放句首都是表前因背景或對主詞補充,放句尾都是表伴隨結果或對前句補充。

比如這題正確句也是獨立結構,只是放在句首:
His right hand and arm(N) crippled(Vpp) by a sniper's bullet during the First World War, Horace Pippin(主詞), a Black American painter, worked(動詞) by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left.

考試時遇到這種N+Ving/Vpp結構,檢查的思路應該是:
1. 「His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War」
      讀懂語意:右手被炸爛了。

2. 讀懂主句語意:用一隻手協助另一隻手作畫。

3. 由於獨立結構放在句首,檢查是否表前因背景或補充:
    右手被炸爛「所以」用一隻手協助另一隻手作畫。
哦!合理!所以這裡可以用獨立結構。