2017年3月31日 星期五

比較結構

A2:觀察到還是有人用二分法來解修辭,這點上第三堂提醒過,修辭應該是歸納正確句的邏輯和模式,對標準英文寫法產生熟練度,所以不要再問像是that前面有逗號就一定錯這樣的問題,或反過來問那that前面沒逗號會對的句子有哪些狀況?這樣的思考方式對實戰完全沒幫助,請大家注意~

上過A2的課就知道, 在比較結構--


1. 原則上是"as many/much + N + as"
2. 若用"as many as", 後面必先接數字

關於上面第二點,上課並沒有說“必先接數字”這樣武斷的講法,而是講到通常當答案時是as many as 數量 可數名詞(舉例為底下的GWD18-41);通常不會直接寫成as many as + 名詞  這樣的結構(舉例為底下的PP181),因為如果是走比較結構應該是用第1as many N as(舉例為底下的PP153).

181.    (27438-!-item-!-188;#058&002362)
The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year. 

A. doubling the increase of
C. double as much as the increase of
D. twice as many as the increase in
E. twice as many as the increase of

153.    (33147-!-item-!-188;#058&006555)  
A recent United States Census Bureau report shows that there are more than three times as many households where the children and grandchildren are living in their grandparents' home as there are households where the grandparents are living in their children's or grandchildren's home.

GWD-18-Q41
At the turn of the twentieth century, forest covered as much as 90 percent of Thailand and accommodated as many as 300,000 elephants, a third of them domesticated and performing various essential tasks.



可是像這一題--

According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation’s four-year colleges and universities.

"as many as"後面就沒有接數字

這樣就是用邏輯的錯誤二分法的方式在判題,因為沒人講過as many as後面沒接數字就是錯,這題是比較結構中省略主詞結構,比較對象在比不同的兩組people,若比較結構前後兩句的people都是置於主詞位置,正常應該寫成as many people + V….as (people) + V…,但是因為上面例句的前句people在受詞位置,後句people在主詞位置,才會有這樣的寫法,底下兩題也是省略主詞結構,但是比較對象在前後句都是置於主詞位置,可以觀察一下模式

In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.

GWD-24-Q20
According to a 1996 survey by the National Association of College an University Business Officers, more than three times as many independent institutions of higher education charge tuition and fees of under $8,000 a year as charge over $16,000.

另外像這一題--

When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are fewer than one-quarter as many.

如果句子還原就會變成--

there are fewer than one-quarter as many as there were in the late 1950s.

應該是這樣還原

there are fewer than one-quarter as many (drive-ins as there were drive-ins in the late 1950s).

參考例句如下:

there are more than three times as many households where the children and grandchildren are living in their grandparents' home as there are households where the grandparents are living in their children's or grandchildren's home.

然後在日常生活中我們也可以見到"More guitars than I need but not as many as I want."這種句子。

再次強調考GMAT不討論日常生活句子

所以"as many as"在什麼情況下後面不用接數字?

這樣的問題缺乏邏輯,也犯了邏輯二分法的問法,就像是突然問and在什麼狀況下後面不用接逗號?這樣的問題根本無法回答?所以這種問題只能用最爛的回答方式,就是有時候(sometimes)可以當正確答案的時候不用接數字
另外, "as much as"後面有沒有規定要不要接數字?

這樣的問題也缺乏邏輯,as much 是討論像深度長度這種不可數的量或degree的概念,例句整理如下:

Each year companies in the United States could save as much as $58 billion by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improved worker performance if they simply provided offices with cleaner air.

Diesel engines burn as much as 30 percent less fuel than gasoline engines of comparable size, as well as emitting far less carbon dioxide gas and far fewer of the other gases that have been implicated in global warming.

There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels:  more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now as was the case in 1990.

有疑問要自己研究一下,看一下修辭正確句就知道了,所以回答是沒有規定,但是這種問法等於是想背一個解法,對實戰完全沒幫助.

因為像OG11有一題正確答案這樣寫--

An inventory equal to 90 days sales is as much as even the strongest businesses carry, and then only as a way to anticipate higher prices or ensure against shortages.


"as much as"後面就沒有接數字。